A Computational Model of the Electric Field Distribution due to Regional Personalized or Non-Personalized Electrodes to Select Transcranial Electric Stimulation Target

Objective: A procedure to personalize the electrode to stimulate specific cortical regions by transcranial electric stimulations (tES) has been recently proposed. This study aims to assess the distribution of the electric field (E) induced by tES via the personalized (RePE) and the non-personalized (ReNPE) electrode. Methods: We used two anatomical models on which we shaped and placed the RePE, based on brain anatomy, and the ReNPE to target the bilateral primary motor (M1) or somatosensory cortex (S1) with the reference on the occipital area in both cases. The effect of shifts of the ReNPE position has been also evaluated. Results: The RePE induced higher E peak and median values than the ReNPE along the bilateral primary motor sensory cortices, up to their lateral regions, on a great percentage of volume of these cortices along all their extent. The shift of the ReNPE electrode towards the inion still induced higher E peak and median values than the ReNPE not shifted, but less than the RePE, mainly in the central region and, in a lower percentage of volume, in the lateral regions of these cortices. Conclusion: The E distributions induced for both targets (M1 and S1) by the RePE are different from the ones due to the ReNPE, along the whole extent of the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortices. The shift in the ReNPE positioning can modify the E distributions mainly in the more central region of these cortices. Significance: These results strengthen the suitability of personalized electrodes in targeting extended cortical regions.